Dynamics Of Metabolic Processes Research Articles

Abstract 4421: Intracellular cytomatrix actin and the Warburg effect

Abstract Introduction: The cytoplasm of living cells is dynamic and the motion arising from fluctuating forces in cells is an active process, rather than being thermally induced. Motor proteins could be the primary causative force of intracellular movement. However, which motor protein is involved in the intracellular dynamics, what process requires fluctuational intracellular activity, and where the energy source comes from is unknown. To address the impact of intracellular motion in cellular processes, we chemically separated the viscous fluid (cytosol) and elastic solid (cytomatrix) phases of cytoplasm. The multiomic analysis was used to dissect the compositional differences between the liquid and solid phases. LC-MS/MS-based proteome analysis was used to identify the composition of the HCT-15 colon cancer cell cytomatrix. The mRNA translation was measured by Ribosome footprinting. Results: Since the kinesis of the solid phase can trigger liquid phase flux, the composition of the cytomatrix was the primary focus of the study of cytoplasmic motion. The systemic analysis of the cytomatrix constituency allowed the identification of a diverse functional group of proteomes that included cytoskeletal and structural elements of organoids, metabolic enzymes, and normal- and proto-oncogenic signaling pathways. The two-phase system elucidated how diverse chemical reactions can occur simultaneously within the cell cytoplasm. Namely, the immobilization of catalytic complexes on the solid cytomatrix physically segregates biochemical reactants, thereby overcoming spatial impediments and allowing diverse metabolic reactions to coincide. Actomyosin and other actin-binding proteins of cytomatrix were the most abundant and diverse proteome, indicating that the primary machinery driving cytomatrix mobility consists of actomyosin, actin-binding, and actin-regulating proteins of cytomatrix. The cytomatrix dynamics trigger the cytosolic motion that carries substrates to immobilized catalytic complexes of the cytomatrix, thereby increasing product output, which appears to be a more intense process in cancer cells due to genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Under normal physiological conditions, mitochondrial respiration can deliver the energy requirements of cytomatrix micromechanics, but in cancer cells, additional energy of ATP is supplied by the aerobic glycolysis known as the Warburg effect to provide the ATP surplus for actomyosin mechanics. Conclusion: The intracellular motion is supported through non-muscle actomyosin action of the solid phase (cytomatrix), permitting increased glycolytic pathway activity in tumor cells. This novel concept of cancer links the Warburg effect with the bioenergetics of cytomatrix micromechanics and the dynamics of metabolic processes in tumors. Thus, two of the mysteries in cancer cell biology, how chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm and energy is generated by tumor cells, have now been linked. Citation Format: Tattym E. Shaiken. Intracellular cytomatrix actin and the Warburg effect [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4421.

Sensors for in situ monitoring of oral and dental health parameters in saliva.

The oral cavity is an easily accessible unique environment and open system which is influenced by the oral fluids, microbiota, and nutrition. Little is known about the kinetics and dynamics of metabolic processes at the intraoral surfaces. Real-time monitoring of salivary biomarkers, e.g., glucose, lactate, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and pH with intraoral sensors is therefore of major interest. The aim of this review is to overview the existing literature for intraoral saliva sensors. A comprehensive literature search was performed to review the most relevant studies on intraoral saliva sensor technology. There is limited literature about the in situ saliva monitoring of salivary biomarkers. Bioadhesion and biofouling processes at the intraoral surfaces limit the performances of the sensors. Real-time, long-term, and continuous intraoral measurement of salivary metabolites remains challenging and needs further investigation as only few well-functioning sensors have been developed until today. Until now, there is no sensor that measures reliably beyond hours for any analyte other than glucose. Saliva's complex and dynamic structure as well as bioadhesion are key challenges and should be addressed in the future developments. Consequently, more studies that focus particularly on biofouling processes and interferential effects of the salivary matrix components on sensor surfaces are required. By monitoring fluids in the oral cavity, as the entrance to the digestive system, extensive information can be obtained regarding the effects of foods and preventive agents on the oral microbiota and the tooth surfaces. This may lead to a better understanding of strategies to modulate oral and general health.

Dynamics of metabolic processes in the body of young turkeys, when using eubiotics based on bifidobacteria in the diet

The article presents data on the effect of different schemes of using eubiotics based on bifidobacteria on metabolic parameters in young turkeys. It has been established that preparations containing biobacteria contribute to the acceleration of metabolic processes, increase the intensity of poultry growth, which is confirmed by an increase in all biochemical parameters of the blood, while not violating their physiological norms.

Light‐driven dynamics between calcification and production in functionally diverse coral reef calcifiers

AbstractCoral reef metabolism underpins ecosystem function and is defined by the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, calcification, and calcium carbonate dissolution. However, the relationships between these physiological processes at the organismal level and their interactions with light remain unclear. We examined metabolic rates across a range of photosynthesising calcifiers in the Caribbean: the scleractinian corals Acropora cervicornis, Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Siderastrea siderea, and crustose coralline algae (CCA) under varying natural light conditions. Net photosynthesis and calcification showed a parabolic response to light across all species, with differences among massive corals, branching corals, and CCA that reflect their relative functional roles on the reef. At night, all organisms were net respiring, and most were net calcifying, although some incubations demonstrated instances of net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution. Peak metabolic rates at light‐saturation (maximum photosynthesis and calcification) and average dark rates (respiration and dark calcification) were positively correlated across species. Interspecies relationships among photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification indicate that calcification rates are linked to energy production at the organismal level in calcifying reef organisms. The species‐specific ratios of net calcification to photosynthesis varied with light over a diurnal cycle. The dynamic nature of calcification/photosynthesis ratios over a diurnal cycle questions the use of this metric as an indicator for reef function and health at the ecosystem scale unless temporal variability is accounted for, and a new metric is proposed. The complex light‐driven dynamics of metabolic processes in coral reef organisms indicate that a more comprehensive understanding of reef metabolism is needed for predicting the future impacts of global change.

In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model

Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. However, molecular processes underlying the development of this pathology remain poorly understood. There are major gaps in our understanding of metabolic changes that occur in the brain tissue during the early stages of ischemia and reperfusion. In particular, it is generally accepted that both ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress which is one of the main drivers of the pathology, although ROS generation during I/R was never demonstrated in vivo due to the lack of suitable methods. In the present study, we record for the first time the dynamics of intracellular pH and H2O2 during I/R in cultured neurons and during experimental stroke in rats using the latest generation of genetically encoded biosensors SypHer3s and HyPer7. We detect a buildup of powerful acidosis in the brain tissue that overlaps with the ischemic core from the first seconds of pathogenesis. At the same time, no significant H2O2 generation was found in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. HyPer7 oxidation in the brain was detected only 24 h later. Comparison of in vivo experiments with studies on cultured neurons under I/R demonstrates that the dynamics of metabolic processes in these models significantly differ, suggesting that a cell culture is a poor predictor of metabolic events in vivo.

БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС КОРОВ СУХОСТОЙНОГО ПЕРИОДА В СВЯЗИ С ПОЛИМОРФНЫМИ ВАРИАНТАМИ ГЕНА SCD1 И РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫМ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОМ

The purpose of the work is to analyze the dynamics of the biochemical parameters of blood in the interlactation (dry) period in connection with the duration of the service period in the subsequent lactation in cows with different genotypes of the SCD1 gene according to rs41255693. The studies were carried out on Holstein cows with an average milk yield of 9807 ± 606 kg for 305 days of lactation. Animal genotypes (n = 23) were determined by PCR-RFLP: CC genotype (n = 9) and CT genotype (n = 14). Blood biochemical parameters were analyzed with an interval in the calving date of no more than 20 days: the CC genotype (n = 6) and CT genotype (n = 6). In cows with the CC genotype in the first month of the dry period, the concentration of total cholesterol in the blood was higher (p < 0.05), and AST activity tended to increase (p = 0.08) as compared with animals with the CT genotype. 30–10 days before calving, the total cholesterol content and AST activity in cows decreased (p < 0.05 and p = 0.055, respectively), while in animals with the CT genotype they did not change. Correlation analysis showed that the nu mber of correlation links was three times lower in cows with the CC genotype. The service period of more than 100 days is observed 2.3 times more frequent in cows with the genotype CC. The dynamics of metabolic processes and the peculiarities of the relationships between metabolic components in cows with the CC genotype are less optimal than in animals with the CT genotype, which may be associated with an increased frequency of a longer service period in cows with the CC genotype.

Method development and validation for the quantification of organic acids in microbial samples using anionic exchange solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Organic acids play a key role in central metabolic functions of organisms, are crucial for understanding regulatory processes and are ubiquitous inside the cell. Therefore, quantification of these compounds provides a valuable approach for studying dynamics of metabolic processes, in particular when the organism faces changing environmental conditions. However, the extraction and analysis of organic acids can be challenging and validated methods available in this field are limited. In this study, we developed a method for the extraction and quantification of organic acids from microbial samples based on solid-phase extraction on a strong anionic exchange cartridge and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. Full method validation was conducted to determine quality parameters of the new method. Recoveries for 12 of the 15 aromatic and aliphatic acids were between 100 and 111% and detection limits between 3 and 272 ng/mL. The ranges for the regression coefficients and process standard deviations for these compound classes were 0.9874–0.9994 and 0.04–0.69 μg/mL, respectively. Limitations were encountered when targeting aliphatic acids with hydroxy, oxo or enol ester functions. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of the method on cell extracts of the bacterium Escherichia coli and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum.Graphical abstract

Біоелектричні потенціали модрини європейської в деревостанах Кременецького горбогір'я

Досліджено біоелектричні потенціали модрини європейської, дуба звичайного, ялини європейської і сосни звичайної, які формують деревостани в різних типах лісорослинних умов Кременецького горбогір'я. Вік деревостанів становить 12–109 років. Частка модрини в їх складі змінюється в межах 1–10 одиниць. Модрина європейська в умовах суборів і сугрудів характеризується нижчими абсолютними показниками БЕП кореневої шийки, порівняно з сосною звичайною, а в умовах грудів – вищими, порівняно з дубом звичайним і ялиною європейською. Встановлені відмінності між деревними видами зберігаються упродовж дня. Відмінності між модриною і дубом за абсолютними показниками біопотенціалів посилюються у другій половині дня. У модрини в мішаних молодняках і середньовікових деревостанах абсолютні значення БЕП виявились вищими, ніж у чистих деревостанах. Встановлено три типи денних біопотенціалограм, які характеризують динаміку проходження метаболічних процесів у деревних видів у деревостанах різних лісорослинних умов та видового складу. Між біометричними показниками модельних дерев різних деревних видів і середньоденними показниками біопотенціалів переважно спостережено помірний і значний прямий кореляційний зв'язок. Більш тісною залежність денної зміни біопотенціалів виявлено від денної динаміки температури і вологості повітря, аніж від інтенсивності світла. Між вологістю повітря і біоелектричними потенціалами існує зворотний кореляційний зв'язок.

Ранняя диагностика и профилактика кардиоваскулярного риска у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа

In the paper the relevance of research associated with a high incidence in the world diabetes type 2 diabetes, with often development in patients with early and late, micro - and macro-vascular complications leading to disability and mortality is justified. The results of study on the complex clinical and anamnestic, biochemical, metabolic, functional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are presented. By means of multivariate mathematical modeling the most informative predictors of complications and their combinations, associated with increased susceptibility to the development of macro-angiopathies in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, were defined. The importance of lipid disorders, metabolic profile and homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular complications and their progression based on the study of the correlation between homocysteine with lipoproteins in various forms macro-angiopathies of patients with diabetes type 2, has been demonstrated. Timely correction of identified violations promotes positive dynamics of metabolic processes and on this background, to reduce the frequency of cardiovascular complications. The obtained data contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of formation, disposition, development, clinical course and outcome of diseases, identification of the population of persons with risk factors for the purpose of prevention activities.

Dynamics of metabolic processes in experimental hypothyroidism and features of their correction

Dynamics of metabolic processes in experimental hypothyroidism and features of their correction